This lesson on crop production for IGCSE ecology covered various aspects of modern farming techniques, including greenhouse and hydroponic methods, the effects of increased CO2 and temperature on crop yield, and the use of fertilizers. The discussion also encompassed pest control methods, their impacts on ecosystems, and sustainable farming practices such as crop rotation and companion planting. The lesson concluded with exam questions on food security and an assignment on pest control methods, emphasizing the importance of balancing agricultural productivity with environmental concerns.